History: Rome: Early History and Republic

Originating as a conglomeration of small pastoral communities scattered across seven neighboring hills along the Tiber River of Italy, Rome grew to become the capital of an empire that encompassed all the territories bordering on the Mediterranean Sea, extending from the British Isles to the Arabian Peninsula.

Campaigns in Gaul led by Julius Caesar in his two terms as proconsul of Cisalpine Gaul, Transalpine Gaul, and Illyricum (58 B.C.–51 B.C.).

From The Columbia Encyclopedia
Three distinct conflicts between Carthage and Rome.

Roman general and dictator, considered Rome's most successful military commander.

Queen of Egypt (51-30 BC). In 48 BC she overthrew her husband, brother and co-ruler Ptolemy XIII with the aid of Julius Caesar, who became her lover.

83–30 BC, Roman general who served under Julius Caesar in the Gallic wars and became a member of the second triumvirate.

(Cnaeus Pompeius Magnus), Roman general, the rival of Julius Caesar.

Or Cato the Censor, Lat. Cato Major or Cato Censorius, Roman statesman and moralist, whose full name was Marcus Porcius Cato.

Ancient designation for the land S and W of the Rhine, W of the Alps, and N of the Pyrenees.

Ancient city of S Italy, a port near Naples and at the foot of Mt. Vesuvius.

Ancient Phoenician port in North Africa founded by colonists from Tyre in the late 9th century BC. A leading trading centre, it was in conflict with Greece from the 6th century BC, and then with Rome, and was destroyed by Roman forces in 146 BC at the end of the Punic Wars.