History: Politics

In the United States, programs to overcome the effects of past societal discrimination by allocating jobs and resources to members of specific groups, such as minorities and women.

Americans descended from African forebears, usually those enslaved and brought to the USA before the 1863 Emancipation Proclamation.

US movement especially active during the 1950s and 60s that aimed to end segregation and discrimination against blacks, as well as affirm their constitutional rights and improve their status in society.

Addition to the U.S. Constitution, adopted 1868. The amendment comprises five sections.

Organization composed mainly of American blacks, but with many white members, whose goal is the end of racial discrimination and segregation.

American politician who as a U.S. representative from New York State (1969-1983) sought an end to the Vietnam War and advocated educational and social reforms.

Best known as a politician, Jordan became the first African-American state senator in Texas since 1883, the first woman state senator ever (1966–1972), and the first African-American congresswoman from the South (1972–1978).

US jurist and civil-rights leader.

44th president of the USA from 2009.

U.S. army general and government official.

US politician, national security advisor 2001-04 and secretary of state from 2005.

American civil rights leader and politician. A Baptist minister, he directed national antidiscrimination efforts (1966-1977) and sought the 1984 and 1988 Democratic presidential nominations.

From Marquis Who's Who in America
The first elected African American governor in the history of the United States, sworn in as Virginia's sixty-fifth governor on January 13, 1990.